Aromatherapy is one of the fastest growing branches of complementary and alternative medicine. It is defined as the therapeutic use of fragrances to cure or to mitigate or to prevent disease, infection and indispositions by means of inhalation, (Buchbauer, 1996). Although the accepted definition is fairly nascent, the termed was coined back in the 1930’s by the scientist Rene-Maurice Gattefosse and the studies can be traced all the way back to the Egyptians.

Today it is widely used in various branches of medicine. For example dentistry utilizes cinnamon and clove oils; decongestants use eucalyptus, camphor and peppermint; hyperaemics use rosemary, turpentine and camphor; and anti-inflammatories use chamomile and yarrow. Furthermore, internal use can be seen with digestive aids such as anise and peppermint or with diuretics like buchu and juniper oils.

Essential oils are extracted from plants, primarily via steam distillation; in minute, concentrated amounts. They have been shown to exhibit pharmacological, physiological, antimicrobial and psychological effects when acting as odorants. When essential oils are breathed in, the molecules rise up to the external nares and on to the top of the nose; where they meet the olfactory mucous membrane. The cells of the membrane are stimulated, sending signals to the limbic system of the brain. Humans are capable of distinguishing as many as 10,000 different fragrances. Some fragrances depress the contingent negative variation (CNV) brain waves resulting in sedative-like responses; while others increase brain activity, thus stimulating the brain. In a study conducted at Sloan-Kettering Hospital in Manhattan , the scent of vanilla was shown to help reduce stress related to claustrophobia during MRI scans; as seen in the decreased CNV waves.

Aromatic oils fall into “note” categories and have degrees of volatility rates or differences in the time scents last. As such, we discuss perfume with respect to its top, middle and base notes. Typically, the top notes are sweet and light and last 3-24 hours. The middle notes provide the character of the blend and last 2-3 days. Finally, the base notes are strong and deep, lasting up to a week.

The natural, healing modality of essential oils have given us the ability to treat and balance the body, mind and spirit. They have given you Science Scents!

Heather Creed, M.D.